Jean Rousseau Ideas About Early Childhood Education

1. Introduction Born in Geneva, Rousseau ideas about early childhood education have been the most important cornerstones of modern education policies in teaching young children. His insights that a child should be encouraged to develop their creativity while at the same time providing new insights and concepts in the field of early childhood development. Rousseau ideas, which state that children should be taught minimum facts with the concept of discipline being learned in stages in a fair way have been vital and essential in setting the ground for modern teaching methods adopted in teaching young children (infed.org, 2013). At the same time his ideas that children should not be forced to memorize a lot of vocabularies but instead they should be taught using simple things which they can relate to leading to a stickiness factor has resulted to increased intellectual capacities in modern day kids. His philosophies on how children can be molded to enhance their creativity, innovative and inventive nature have been responsible for developing models such as the Waldorf schools model which aims at enhancing creativity and imagination in young children (Waldorf School, 2016). His ideas have been important in the honing of young children minds in a way which enables them to pursue fields which suit their talents while at the same time opening new fields in art, literature, music, technology and science and enabling unprecedented shifts and gains in modern education DESCRIPTION OF AShow MoreRelatedJean Jacques Rousseau And Mary Wollstonecraft1201 Words   |  5 Pagessome key ideas developed by education innovators that changed the way that society views children and education. Many of these ideas stem from the revolutionary work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Mary Wollstonecraft. This essay will discuss the main ideas from their work and also how it is reflected in other work during the Age of Enlightenment for educationalists such as Johann Pestalozzi and Robert Owen. The final aspect of this essay will discuss how these ideas are reflected in early New ZealandRead MoreA Summary Of John Locke And Jean-Jacques Rousseau1651 Words   |  7 Pagesperiod questioned traditional methods of educating children and introduced revolutionary new ways of thinking to bring about improvements in education and to actual allow students to enjoy learning. Before the Enlightenment, children were treated like small adults with no thought given to the development of very young children and once they were old enough to receive education it consisted of forced memory work along with harsh discipline (Platz Arellano, 2011). The Enlightenment changed thisRead MoreA Vindication Of The Rights Of Woman Essay1094 Words   |  5 PagesThe eighteenth century brought about a great deal of change and a new-found interest in science and reason. Because of this, many great inventions, ideas and innovative theorists arose from this time period. Among them was a forward-thinking essayist by the name of Mary Wollstonecraft. In her book, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft preaches her belief that the oppression of women is largely due to lack of female education. Although the term feminism wasn’t coined until decadesRead MoreMy First Semester At Touro College1631 Words   |  7 PagesHistory and Philosophy of Education and Special Education. Throughout this course, I was introduced to many philosophers and their theories, which he lped me to develop a personal educational philosophy that I will implement into my own future classrooms. In our very first class session, we examined the word ‘education’. Education derives from two Latin roots, educare: to bring up, to train, to teach, and educere: to lead forth, to draw forth, to guide. In the world of education today, a child’s successRead MoreAutonomy Means Behaving And Thinking Independently Of Others1528 Words   |  7 PagesWebster dictionary, autonomy is â€Å"the state of acting separately from others†; â€Å"the state of being self-governing†. So, autonomous people are considered as self-directed, self-controlled and having the capacity to choose their own destiny. In the childhood context, autonomy means independence and exploration that make ready a child to say let me do it. Freedom helps them in building their confidence, increasing ability to do work and learning the value of responsibility of completing the task. ConsequentlyRead MoreChildrens Literature Becoming an Equalizer876 Words   |  4 Pagesliterature, expanding on the original idea reading is an equalizer. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke â€Å"†¦stated that people are born without ideas—that is, with a blank mind—directly challenging the belief that people are born with certain knowledge already implanted.† (Batten, 2011). His influences are found through out history of not only children’s literature but also government. Society at the time was in a power struggle between old and new ideas. The upperclass, or royal court,Read MoreThe Inequality of Women in the Enlightenment Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pagesassumptions about womens rights in society. Issues that pertained to widening the womens sphere into more than just the household, questioning the ability of women to logic as men, and debating egalitarian co-educational opportunities for both boys and girls. This was a time when women started to come forth as intellectuals in response to the unbalanced status given to the â€Å"weaker† sex. Both male and female Enlightenment thinkers had opinions that spanned across each side of the issues. Jean-JacqueRead MoreHow Far Do Theories of Childhood Development Take Account of Social and Cultural Factors?2046 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout the history of our Western culture the ways in which we have viewed childhood has changed dramatically. Woodhead (2005) recognises that childhood has been viewed as both a natural process and as a social and cultural process, as well as being viewed as an interactive process between the two. These changeable and evolving attitudes confirm James and Prout’s (1997) assertion that â€Å"childhood is constructed and reconstructed†. This essay will take in to account four theorists, who have contrastingRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Knowing921 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget was a developmental psychologist and philosopher from Switzerland. He is known for his epistemological studies with children. He was the first to make a systematic study of cognitive development. Piaget was also the Director of the International Bureau of Education. He was â€Å"the great pioneer of the constructivist theory of knowing.† He was known as the second best psychologist after Skinner by the end of the 20th century. Throughout his career, Jean Piaget declared that â€Å"only educationRead MoreThe Society ´s View of the Role of Children Essay940 Words   |  4 Pages In early modern Europe, various views regarding the role of children in society heavily influenced the manner in which these children were raised. Some Europeans felt that through discipline and somewhat harsh treatment, parents might better prepare their children to succeed. Others perceived love and gentle guidance as the best way by which to form the minds of their children. These altered views were a result of a change in the times and circumstances. Attitudes toward children differed

Karl Marx s Theory Of Alienation Essay - 1553 Words

Karl Marx’s theory of alienation states the consequences of living within a capitalist society that is made up of stratified social classes. The working class is alienated because they are deprived of the right to think or direct their own actions without the oppression of the economic entity controlled by the Bourgeoisie. Emile Durkheim’s theory of anomie was developed during a great capitalist growth, the industrialization revolution. The mass population could not keep up with the constant change leading to the breakdown of social bonds between individuals and communities. This break of social bonds creates anomie for the individual or society which leads to fatalistic suicide, especially when a person is rule governed. These concepts provided by Marx and Durkheim have mutual relationships, both are an effect from the capitalist system, they share qualities in religion, and labor. Marx applied Hegel’s master slave dialectic to class relations. The master slave dialectic is used to explain how self-consciousness is dependent upon the recognition of another. It illustrates two consciousness’s skirmish for power over the other. Marx related Hegel’s dialectic to the bourgeoisie and proletarian social classes. The Proletarian is alienated because they feel separated from their very nature. They are forced to abide by the Capitalist social structure, and are directed to goals and activities that are dictated by the bourgeoisie to gain the maximum amount of surplusShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx s Theory Of Alienation Essay1686 Words   |  7 PagesSociologist Karl Marx concentrated deeply on economic problems and related these matters to social issues. For example, when Marx examined capitalism in the labour sector he came to the conclusion that it drove workers to feel alienated from the product, themselves and those surrounding them. This essa y will firstly give a brief overview of industrial capitalism and discuss Karl Marx’s early life and how he came up with the theory of alienation through his influences and life experiences. SecondlyRead MoreKarl Marx And Durkheim s Theory Of Labor Alienation1419 Words   |  6 Pagesof labor. Both Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim, under this context of burgeoning market economy, sought to understand modern society and the underlying relations that lead to their formation and progress. In this essay, I will argue that while both Marx and Durkheim acknowledge the role of economic growth as a main driver of human society in their theories, they differ on the type of social relations that developed in tandem, relations that formed the basis of the division of labor. Marx (1978, p. 212)Read MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Human Exploitation And Alienation Under Capitalism Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagestheir own name. That being said, some, such as Karl Marx, find the capitalist system dehumanizing and see a dire need for its abolition. In this paper, I will present an argument against Karl Marx’s theory of human exploitation and alienation under capitalism. I will begin by discussing Marx’s basic beliefs on human nature. I will then use this foundation to present Marx’s argument against capitalism and how he believes it leads to human alienation. Lastly, I will refute Marx’s argument againstRead MoreKarl Marx And The Great Philosopher Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx was born in Trier, Prussia in 1818 to a Jewish family, but despite his baptism at age 6, he later became an atheist. Marx attended University of Bonn, but due to his imprisonment for drunkenness and variances with another student, he was enrolled in the University of Berlin by his parents. Marx earned his degree in philosophy and began writing for Rheinische Zeitung, a liberal democratic newspaper. He later became their editor. Marx was a member of Young Hegeli an movement which was groupRead MoreThe Economic And Philosophic Manuscripts Of 18441592 Words   |  7 Pages1844 was not published in Karl Marx’s lifetime. It is a series of fragmentary notes. Part of these notes is a piece called â€Å"Estranged Labor†. In this piece Marx rarely disputes the alienation of the bourgeoisie and focuses on the alienation of the proletariat relating to the hard work in factories in a capitalist society. I believe Marx is correct on his point of workers during his time and even so, it’s still relatable to today; there is alienation of the worker and of theRead MoreFuture of Modernization1108 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing. My perceptions of the theories of Karl Marx do not match in every aspect; however, many of the theories he describes have become part of the mainstream. Karl Heinrich Marx was born in Germany on May 5, 1818. Raised in a family that came from a long line of rabbis on both sides, Marx became one of the most influential thinkers from the 19th century (Kreis, 2000). Karl Marx and his theories seem to be more in tune with how the world actually works. His theory on modernity encompasses the weakenedRead MoreKarl Marx : A German Influential Philosopher And One Of The Intellectual Fathers Of Communism1477 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx is known to be a German influential philosopher and one of the intellectual fathers of communism, writing when the industrial revolution and imperialism period was changing the nature of both the economies of individual nations and the global economy itself. He eradicated his view on the effects these changes had on individual workers and society. This introduced many of his theories, one of which was the idea of alienated labor. Alienated labor was written in 1844, Marx sets the view thatRead MoreGlobalization Has Transformed Our Economic Lives1609 Words   |  7 Pagesthe labor is cheaper. Globalization theories are known for three areas and they are post colonial theory, world systems analysis and Mcdonalization . There is no perfect theory to describe or pinpoint how globalization functions but rather look at this phenomenon from all it s dimensions. Immanuel Wallerstein s theory on world systems revolves around a historical and qualitative viewpoint. Wallerstein was inspired by people such as Karl Marx, Joseph Shumpter, Karl Polanyi and Fernand Braudel. WallersteinRead MoreEssay on Karl Marx And Marxism710 Words   |  3 PagesKarl Marx and Marxism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Karl Marx set the wheels of modern Communism and Socialism in motion with his writings in the late nineteenth century. In collaboration with his friend, Heinrich Engels, he produced the The Communist Manifesto, written in 1848. Many failed countries political and socio-economic structures have been based on Marxs theories, for example the USSR, East Germany etc. Many people believe that Marxism is not applicable to todays society, as Karl MarxRead MoreKarl Marx and Marxism Essay727 Words   |  3 PagesKarl Marx and Marxism Karl Marx set the wheels of modern Communism and Socialism in motion with his writings in the late nineteenth century. In collaboration with his friend, Heinrich Engels, he produced the The Communist Manifesto, written in 1848. Many failed countries political and socio-economic structures have been based on Marxs theories, for example the USSR, East Germany etc. Many people believe that Marxism is not applicable to todays society, as Karl Marx put forward his ideas not

Consumer Behavior for Healthy Lifestyle - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theConsumer Behavior for Healthy Lifestyle. Answer: Literature Review and Framework Health and healthy lifestyle are one of the most talked about and at the same time the most neglected topics in a society. On one side, where the people are becoming overtly conscious regarding their health, on another side people are neglecting their health also. Weight gain and obesity is a common problem in the society (Goh et al. 2013, p.88). The people are so busy with their work and social commitments that they ignore their health and consume a lot of fast food. The fast food they consume is extremely unhealthy and causes several health problems. One of the main problems is obesity and weight gain. Lack of exercise and physical activities is also leading to this problem, due to which several ailments and medical conditions are cropping up like diabetes, increased blood pressure, cancer and other chronic ailments (Wang et al. 2012, p.200). Many studies have also taken place where the ill effects of obesity have been discussed. The health care personnel and experts are trying their best to advocate the benefits of a healthy lifestyle and how a maintained body weight can help the people in their work also (Srensen et al. 2010, p.401). The experts are trying hard to motivate people to exercise and engage themselves in physical activities that they can lose weight and do not be obese. In these efforts of the health care professional, the consumer behavior theories can be analyzed. Consumer behavior can be defined as the study of an individual, organization or a group of people while they are purchasing, selecting, using and disposing off a product. This study help the marketers to understand the thought process of consumers while they deal with the goods and services and understand what their needs and wants are (Solomon, 2014). Here also the health care professionals can us the theories of consumer behavior to understand why the consumers are ignorant regarding their health and how can they be motivated to for weight loss and weight maintenance. The first theory that comes into consideration is the Theory of Reasoned Action. As per this theory, the consumers take a specific decision when they are certain about the specific positive outcome of their decision (Montano and Kasprzyk, 2015, p.61). Hence, the health care experts and professionals should know that the c onsumers keep an ability of changing their mind while they take a decision. Hence, the experts should enlighten the people about the positive aspects of maintaining a body weight so that the consumers are aware about the positive aspects of their decisions. This theory also helps the experts to understand that they have a lot of time to converse with their consumers and convince them before the consumers decide and take the final action (Azar et al. 2013, p.584). Hence, the experts have time to explain the people how obesity can be avoided and fitness can be maintained. Another consumer behavior theory which can be analyzed is the motivation and need theory by Abraham Maslow. The theory provides a hierarchy of the needs of a consumer and establishes a relationship between the need and motivation of the people. The health care professionals and experts should understand the various needs of the consumers and how those needs can be addressed so that individuals can be motivated for weight loss and weight maintenance (Haylock, 2010, p.190). The needs that can address are the physiological needs of people. This need reflects how the consumers decision making can be influenced by highlighting positive aspects. The consumers can be influenced by various advertisements and talks about how obesity causes health problems. The safety needs are also attached with this as taking care of health means safety for oneself and family. All the factors mentioned are associated with consumer behavior. The health care professionals and experts have to understand the consumers behavior while they select, purchase, and use and dispose the product so that they can understand their psyche. Only buy understanding the attitude and behavior of the people, will the experts be able to understand how to influence the people and explain the benefits of weight loss and weight maintenance (Wadden et al. 2013, p.1444). Obesity has become a growing problem in the society due to negligence of the people towards their health and the fast moving lifestyle. Hence, the people have to be explained the health benefits and encouraged to live a healthy lifestyle. Marketing Strategies The health care experts should launch a healthcare program in the society where they should try and engage more people to be associated with the program. The program should address the ill effects that obesity carries with itself and how weight loss and weight maintenance helps in paving way for a healthy and successful lifestyle. The healthcare program will be a good initiative because a large number of people will be gaining awareness regarding the positive effects of being healthy and will also be encouraged (Griffiths et al. 2011, p.125). A healthcare program is a social initiative which should be taken by the healthcare experts. The experts should tell the people about the chronic disease which comes with obesity like diabetes, increased blood pressure, cancer and others (Laroche et al. 2013, p.81). They can also provide real life examples where people had have to go through surgeries because obesity could have lead to their death. With positive aspects, the healthcare program a lso has certain disadvantages. It addresses a large crowd at the same time which means that the effectiveness of the program is hampered to some extent. A personal talk is more beneficial than a speech at a large gathering and hence, the effectiveness of the program is not conveyed properly. Apart from being cost and time effective it is also a less effective medium of propagating health care benefits to the people at large. Another market strategy that the health care professionals and experts can use is social media. With the advent of technology, the consumers have become highly dependent on interne and other social media platforms to gain information regarding any field. People are very active on social media websites and platforms where they can post their reviews and can also read the reviews of others. Therefore, the social media will be a good platform to spread awareness regarding the health benefits of weight maintenance. The health care professionals and experts can post reviews on the social media websites and help the consumers to gain knowledge (Cantallops and Salvi, 2014, p.42). However, this platform would not help the experts and the professionals to reach out to a large crowd and especially to those people who do not have access to the internet. This would leave a significant part of the society unaddressed and still negligent regarding the problems that obesity caries and positive outc ome of weight loss and weight maintenance. Making exercises and physical activities fun can also be a method or a strategy of encouraging people to maintain a particular body weight. Exercising is an important part of being fit and so if the exercises are made fun then the consumers will be interested in taking part of it. The health care professionals and experts should promote exercises and physical activities in school, colleges, interactive clubs and organizations. Promotion at these places will help the experts to reach to a large crowd and especially to those people who are most prone to being obese and ignoring side and ill effects of living an unhealthy lifestyle (Donnelly and MacEntee, 2012, p.30). The exercises and physical activities can be made fun by doing it in the form of dance or other means which the individual finds interesting. Various forms of exercising are dancing, jogging, walking, aerobics, by going to a gym and others. Hence, all these forms should be promoted so that people take up to it (Ogde et al. 2010, p.242). However, with the increasing pressure on the people due to hectic schedule, consumers do not have time to indulge themselves in physical activities and hence, ignore their health (Neve et al. 2013, p.308). They always cite mismanagement of time as an excuse to not exercise and so it will be a big task for the health care experts and professionals to convince the people to make time and indulge themselves in physical activities. Recommendations and Conclusion The most suitable marketing strategy for the health care professionals and experts would be to take the help of social media to influence the customers regarding weight loss and weight maintenance. The social media influences the consumer behavior because of the indulgence of people on internet and social media platforms. The views, posts and information posted and available in the social media platforms are influential as they influence the people to change their viewpoints and thoughts. The consumer behavior has a huge role to play in the way a consumer decided to take upon an activity and participate in it. Hence, social media will be a widespread and broad arena through which maximum people can be influenced to maintain a healthy lifestyle by losing weight and maintaining a particular body weight. Reference List Books: Solomon, M.R., 2014. Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being (Vol. 10). Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Journals: Azar, K.M., Lesser, L.I., Laing, B.Y., Stephens, J., Aurora, M.S., Burke, L.E. and Palaniappan, L.P., 2013. Mobile applications for weight management: theory-based content analysis. American journal of preventive medicine, 45(5), pp.583-589. Cantallops, A.S. and Salvi, F., 2014. New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, pp.41-51. Donnelly, L.R. and MacEntee, M.I., 2012. Social interactions, body image and oral health among institutionalised frail elders: an unexplored relationship. Gerodontology, 29(2), pp.e28-e33. Goh, K.Y., Heng, C.S. and Lin, Z., 2013. Social media brand community and consumer behavior: Quantifying the relative impact of user-and marketer-generated content. Information Systems Research, 24(1), pp.88-107. Griffiths, L.J., Dezateux, C. and Hill, A., 2011. Is obesity associated with emotional and behavioural problems in children? Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study. Pediatric Obesity, 6(2Part2). Pp.. 120-140 Haylock, P.J., 2010, August. Advanced cancer: a mind-body-spirit approach to life and living. In Seminars in oncology nursing (Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 183-194). WB Saunders. Laroche, M., Habibi, M.R. and Richard, M.O., 2013. To be or not to be in social media: How brand loyalty is affected by social media?. International Journal of Information Management, 33(1), pp.76-82. Montano, D.E. and Kasprzyk, D., 2015. Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, and the integrated behavioral model. Health behavior: Theory, research and practice, pp.50-80. Neve, M., Morgan, P.J., Jones, P.R. and Collins, C.E., 2010. Effectiveness of web?based interventions in achieving weight loss and weight loss maintenance in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review with meta?analysis. Obesity reviews, 11(4), pp.306-321. Ogden, C., Carroll, M.D., Curtin, L.R., Lamb, M.M. and Flegal, K.M., 2010. About childhood obesity. JAMA, 303(3), pp.242-249. Srensen, T.I., Virtue, S. and Vidal-Puig, A., 2010. Obesity as a clinical and public health problem: is there a need for a new definition based on lipotoxicity effects?. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 1801(3), pp.400-404. Wadden, T.A., Hollander, P., Klein, S., Niswender, K., Woo, V., Hale, P.M. and Aronne, L., 2013. Weight maintenance and additional weight loss with liraglutide after low-calorie-diet-induced weight loss: the SCALE Maintenance randomized study. International journal of obesity, 37(11), pp.1443-1451. Wang, X., Yu, C. and Wei, Y., 2012. Social media peer communication and impacts on purchase intentions: A consumer socialization framework. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(4), pp.198-208.

Digital Dilemmas Information Technology

Question: Discuss about the Digital Dilemmas for Information Technology. Answer: Introduction: The Stealthgenie app was designed and marketed by Hammad Akbar in 2014 that helps to track ones partner by tapping their phones and tracking their locations. This smart phone app is highly unethical as it violates ones privacy. It greatly violates ones right to privacy, communication, information and possession. It is a way to hamper ones personal and private belongings. The app helps a person to gain control of ones physical condition by tracking their movement via an online map (Zapotosky, 2017). This essay will present an argument regarding the monitoring of people through a stalker app. This app violates the ethical theory from three perspectives of utilitarianism, deontological and privacy. All these three perspectives present the Stealthgenie app as unethical and pose a threat to ones privacy. The utilitarianism ethics in information technology is defined as the rights or actions that are intended to provide happiness to a large number of people, society or group (Friedman et al., 2013). However, the Stealthgenie app was designed to monitor other peoples activities by tracking their phone calls and gain physical control by tracking their locations via an online map. It is highly unethical and violates a persons personal and physical rights to communication, information, possession or communication (Kernaghan, 2014). It also violates the moral conduct by controlling ones behavior and movement. The inception app is against the utilitarian theory of ethics as it leads to unh appiness among relationships by tracking cheaters in love and the victims of domestic violence people are highly affected. Nevertheless, from a utilitarian point of view, it is controversial as it helped the youngsters and spouses to save themselves from cheaters and people benefit from the app promoting business conduct. However, the Government of Australia said that this kind of surveillance app could be used by parents in tracking their children and monitoring older adults by their caregivers. Surveillance is sub-issue under privacy and it is related to intruding a persons personal information and control over their whereabouts. According to Immanuel Kants deontological theory, it is unethical for the parents to track their children by installing software in their childrens smart phones. It is the complete violation of a child's rights and it is a perfect duty of a person to provide privacy to others by not spying or monitoring them without their knowledge (Raj Roy, 2016). He said ones actions and the outcomes is ones personal and independent thing. It is ones personal behavior to lie or cheat the other person. It is a duty of a person not to lie or cheat other people and monitoring them through a smart phone app is unethical. However, millions of dollars are spent by the information technology companies over surveillance systems to track their employees and monitor their activities. They are used for monitoring web activity, emails and phone calls of the employees. Privacy is an important aspect of information technology ethics. The right to private communication is where a person wants to keep his or her information private. It is ones privacy rights over their personal information, bodies, thoughts and personal communications with others and occupied space (Chadwick, Levitt Shickle, 2014). This app violates a persons privacy by tracking their phone calls. It also violates the right to personal information where a person has the right to share and keep their information only a specific person. The Stealthgenie app also tracks ones location through an online map that violates a persons right to possession. The app installed in the phone of the partners without their knowledge is highly unethical and pose a threat to their privacy. Despite these unethical issues associated with the app, this app gained popularity among the youngsters in catching their cheating lovers and spouses in monitoring their partners. The unauthorized intrusion into one s life poses a threat to relationships and gives rise to serious fights. The domestic violence is a perfect example where this app has greatly hampered. The victims of domestic violence requested to the government to knock down this app as they are abused by their spouses. The main issue related to this phone tracking software is that it threatens individual freedom (Taylor Rooney, 2016). From a parent or spouses point of view, it is an unambiguous question regarding the need for a tracking app. No person or child would accept the fact of being tracked or monitored by tracking software. It damages a persons right to freedom of action. This spying software has gain negative popularity with time as it gives a clear picture of a persons contacts, interactions and relocations. As a matter of fact, the stealth mode is used by governments in defense and not in the case of domestic spying hampering personal privacy. It also violates ones trust among the relationships. Privacy is a utilitarian value as it is important to conceive a persons personal information (Whitten, Hightower Sayeed, 2014). There are consequences like personal embarrassment and financial loss. Moreover, it compromises a persons privacy with a risk to inception that is unlawful. The privacy of women, children and minorities are at risk due to the use of these spying devices. These devices also encourage the invasion of privacy. From a deontological point of view, it is defined as the duties or rights that are focused on the actions that are right not because of its consequences rather right in themselves. Concisely, it is the act that recognizes morality and in respecting the rights of a person in regard to information, communication or possession (Moore Katell, 2015). It is a persons natural fundamental right and it is an important tool for advancing the social structures and does not view it as a platonic thing. Stealthgenie app is a perfect example that demonstrates the different ethical aspects related to information technology and pose a threat to privacy. It made attempts of private invasion and is unethical and illegal in its consequences. It is a complex issue that requires strict vigilance to protect a persons privacy (Levy, 2014). Through these kinds of spying apps, parents, spouses and jealous partners are able to intercept their partners. It is highly unethical and violates a persons right to personal information, communication or possession. Monitoring ones life or spying over their personal interactions and location is unethical from the utilitarian and deontological perspective. As the behavior means that spying others activities promote greater unhappiness among the relationships. The consequences are highly unethical as the spying devices used by people are a medium of abusing their partners. The victims of domestic violence are badly affected by this tracking software. From the informational technologys ethical perspective, it harms a persons privacy and surveillance to a persons personal information is a sub-issue under privacy (Camp, 2015). The manufacturing companies of spying software greatly benefit through these devices by gaining popularity among parents and spouses. However, with time it loses its popularity as the minorities, children and women are abused through these tracking devices. The Australian government has imposed laws like Privacy Act includes Privacy principles that impose strict vigilance towar ds this tracking software and revises the information technology policies to protect ones privacy and respect autonomy (Butler Rodrick, 2015). The government should impose stringent laws against the companies that are intended to make such tracking devices and strict regulation is required over them. Therefore, from any perspective, the stalking and spying apps are unethical and unacceptable. References Butler, D. A., Rodrick, S. (2015).Australian media law. Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited. Camp, L. J. (2015). Respecting people and respecting privacy.Communications of the ACM,58(7), 27-28. Chadwick, R., Levitt, M., Shickle, D. (Eds.). (2014).The right to know and the right not to know: genetic privacy and responsibility. Cambridge University Press. Friedman, B., Kahn Jr, P. H., Borning, A., Huldtgren, A. (2013). Value sensitive design and information systems. InEarly engagement and new technologies: Opening up the laboratory(pp. 55-95). Springer Netherlands. Kernaghan, K. (2014). Digital dilemmas: Values, ethics and information technology.Canadian Public Administration,57(2), 295-317. Levy, K. E. (2014). Intimate Surveillance.Idaho L. Rev.,51, 679. Moore, A. D., Katell, M. (2015). Value of Privacy, Security, and Accountability.Security, and Accountability (October 13, 2015). Raj, S. K., Roy, S. (2016). Accounting Theory: An Ethical Perspective of Real Life Scenarios.International Journal of Business and Social Research,6(10), 47-55. Taylor, E., Rooney, T. (2016).Surveillance Futures: Social and Ethical Implications of New Technologies for Children and Young People. Routledge. Whitten, D., Hightower, R., Sayeed, L. (2014). Mobile device adaptation efforts: the impact of hedonic and utilitarian value.Journal of Computer Information Systems,55(1), 48-58. Zapotosky, M. (2017). StealthGenie maker fined for 'stalker' app. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/smartphone-apps/maker-of-smartphone-surveillance-app-fined-avoids-jail-time-20141126-11upqs.html

What is Resistance Essay Example

What is Resistance Essay Technically, resistance is defined as the ability of a substance to prevent or resist the flow of electrical current.Electricity is conducted through a conductor, in this case nichrome wire, by means of free electrons. The number of free electrons depends on the material and freer electrons results in a better conductor. For example, a piece of metal such as gold would have more free electrons as the atoms do not hold on to their electrons very well in comparison to another conductor such as plastic which has less free electrons therefore, making it a worse conductor of electricity due to the higher level of resistance. The free electrons are given energy and as a result move and collide with neighboring free electrons. This happens across the length of the wire and thus electricity is conducted.The smaller the cross-sectional area of the nichrome wire is e.g. 20swg, the fewer channels of electrons in the wire for current to flow and as a result of this the resistance will be high bu t having a lower area of wire leaves it more susceptible to a heating effect. However, when the cross -sectional area increases to a value of 36swg for example the resistance will decrease as there are more channels of electrons in the wire (This can be seen in the following diagrams; figure 1 and figure 2).Factors Which Affect the Resistance of the Wire?There are various factors which affect resistance of a wire, three of them being the material of the wire e.g. Nichrome or Gold, the cross-sectional area of the wire, the length of the wire and the temperature of the wire.1Below, you can see the effects these factors have upon the relationship between the resistance of a wire and its length:- The length of the wire: if a wire is longer, the moving electrons have further to go, so there is a higher chance of an electron colliding with an atom. Thus, increasing the resistance in the wire.- The cross-sectional area of the wire: the moving electrons in a current are spread out over a gr eater area. There results in a lower chance of an electron colliding with an atom, so more current can flow. Increasing the cross-sectional area of a wire decreases its resistance, this can be seen by figures 1 and 2.- The temperature of the wire: if the wires temperature increases, its atoms vibrate more, each one moving around a fixed centre. There is more chance of electrons colliding with the vibrating atoms, so less current can flow. An increase in temperature increases the resistance of a wire.Ohms LawResistance is measured in ohms. One ohm is represented with the symbol: ?The greater the number of ohms, the greater the resistance present in a wire.The image on the right shows the relationship between voltage, current and resistance. It can also be understood through the following equation; voltage = current * resistanceV = I * ?Relationship between current and voltage when a resistor follows Ohms LawThe current flowing through a resistor at a constant temperature is directly proportional to the voltage across the resistor. Following those guide lines we can come to believe that if you double the voltage, the current also doubles. This is called Ohms Law. Figure 5 (left) shows what happens to the current and voltage when a resistor follows Ohms Law.Relationship between current and voltage when a filament lamp is present in a circuitA filament lamp is a typically bulb found in many circuits. This contains a filament (typically tungsten) which heats up when an electric current flows through it and creates light. This can be seen by figure 7.The filament lamp doesnt follow Ohms law. The resistance of the lamp increases whilst the temperature of it increases and, due to this the current flowing through the filament is not directly proportionate to the voltage across it. Figure 6 shows the graph which conveys the relationship between the current and voltage for a filament lamp.VariablesDuring this experiment, our independent variable (which will be changed) i s the length of nichrome wire.In order to collect our results, we will measure the voltage (dependant variable) passed through a current of 0.5A whilst varying the length at which the electricity is transmitted through the wire. From this we will compare the relationship between the length of the wire and its resistance.In addition to this, several variables must be controlled during the experiment. Essentially, this focuses on ensuring that the flow of energy throughout the current remains the same in each test, ensuring that the same current is emitted for every test. The following table (table 1) explains this.Control VariableWhy must it be controlled?How will it be controlled?MaterialWe must use the same material due to the fact that various materials have different resistances. If I were to use a material with a high resistance then, one with a low resistance my results would become un-reliable.I will use a 26SWG Nichrome Wire (See justification in pre-tests section.) It will b e attached to a 1 metre ruler.TemperatureThe variable power-pack will be turned off after each recording has been made (refer to method), this will allow the wire to cool down so it will not affect my data.Cross-Sectional AreaAs previously mentioned in the background (with figures 1 ; 2) varying the cross sectional area of the wire (thickness) will affect the resistance and make the data collected less reliable.From the pre-tests and the fact that we did not have enough resources to vary the gauge of wire we will be keeping the Nichrome wire at 26SWGs.Current (0.5A)The current causes the wire to increase in temperature. Keeping the current low at 0.5A lowers the heating affect and ensures the resistance of the wire will not be affected. This will increase the reliability of my results.Through the use of a variable power-pack we can adjust the input of volts and maintain a constant current of 0.5 Amps for each test.Straightness of WireThe straightness of the wire affects the length o f it. If a wire with a crocodile clip on it is connected at 20cm and the wire bends, the length and resistance of the wire changes. Therefore, we must keep the wire as straight as possible, that is why we are using a ruler and some sellotape.The wire chosen (26swg) can be easily straightened along a 1 metre ruler. For that reason, we will place the wire along the ruler and connect it to either end with the use of sellotape. This will lower the chance of the resistance being affected and thus, increasing the reliability of our results.EquipmentEquipment NameJustification for useDiagramVariable Power-Pack (0-12V)The use of a variable power pack allowed me or any member of my group to manually adjust the voltage input through the circuit in order to control and manipulate the number of amps being transmitted in our circuit, in our case it allowed us to keep the number of amps to 0.5 in order to make our experiment reproducible.Digital AmmeterUsing a digital ammeter allowed for much mor e precise readings of the amps present in the electric current with only a +/- 0.1 area for mistake in comparison to the traditional ammeter which has an area for error of +/- 0.5 as it requires the use of the naked-eye to record the readings. For that reason the digital ammeter was used in the experiment.Digital Volt MeterDigital voltmeters give a numerical display of voltage to 2 decimal places by use of an analog to digital converter, which lowers the margin of error to +/- 0.1 whereas, an analog voltmeter moves a pointer across a scale in proportion to the voltage of the circuit. This requires the use of the naked-eye and increases the margin of error to +/- 0.5. For that reason the digital volt meter was used in the experiment.100cm Ruler with wire onThe range of the length of wire was 25-95cm, the use of a 100cm ruler allowed us to easily place the wire straightly upon it and easily record the measurement of length in comparison to laying down four 30cm rulers which would have increased the error of margin in the reading of various lengths such as 35cm or 75cm.26swg Nichrome WireFrom the pre-tests we found that this wire could be easily straightened along the 1 meter ruler whereas the 36swg piece of wire could not which meant the resistance was not affected as there were next to no bends in the wire. Also, it was not as susceptible to heat as the 20swg wire which when heated would have caused the resistance to increase due to the more energy in the circuit, which would have increased the chances of collisions between free electrons and atoms.2 x Crocodile ClipsCrocodile clips allow us to connect the wires to the circuit (creating a complete circuit) in a safe manner which lowers the risk to the people involved in the experiment.4 x WiresUsing these in our experiment is essential. These allow us to connect each piece of equipment together for example; the voltmeter to thee variable power-pack.Method1. Clear your workspace, this will make your working area safe for you and your class mates and ensure that there are no accidents.A) Place chairs/stools under desks.B) Clear the desks of paper, books, bags etc. and simply have a pen and results table in order to record your results (following the steps below you will find out how to create a suitable results table).2. Gather all the necessary equipment, as previously mentioned. The Equipment is necessary in order to undergo the experiment because if all equipment is not used or set up accordingly then the data will not be reproducible.3. Set the equipment up as shown by the circuit diagram below, following this circuit diagram will increase the similarity to our experiment therefore, increasing the reliability of the results collected.4. Now that the equipment is set up, ensure that the variable power-pack is turned off with the adjustable voltage dial is turned to 0, this is to make sure that the wire does not heat up before acquiring data as the temperature will affect the resistance a s previously mentioned in the Background section of this document.5. Create a results table with the following headings in a similar order. You should also include the suitable range of lengths at which you will be moving your crocodile clips in the appropriate column (wire length(cm)) For this experiment I chose to use the range of lengths; 25cm-95cm.Wire Length (cm)Current (A)Cross Sectional Area (swg)Voltage (V)Resistance (R = V/I)Test 1Test 2Test 3Average6. Place one wire with a crocodile clip on it at one point on the 1 metre ruler, then place the other wire with a crocodile clip connected at another point 25cms apart.7. Turn the variable power-pack on, adjust the voltage dial until the digital ammeter has a constant reading of 0.50A.8. Record the amount of volts as displayed on the digital volt meter on your results table. for example, 1.289. Once recorded, turn the variable power-pack off and wait a reasonable amount of time so that the wire has sufficiently cooled down, this is because if the wire increases in temperature the resistance will be effected as previously mentioned in the Background section. This could result in our results being less reliable and giving me less confidence in my conclusion.10. Then, remove one wire and increase the length to 35cm. Repeat steps 7-9. Continue to do this until you reach the length 95cm. Once you have recorded the reading for 95cm repeat the above stages 2 more times until you have repeated the range of 25-95cm with 10cm intervals 3 times.11. Now that you have repeated each length 3 times you must work out the average voltage for each length, do to this you simply add all three results together and divide them by 3 (the number of test carried out). For example, I have three results 1.15, 1.17 and 1.12, these add up to make 3.44, then I divide 3.44 by 3 to get a mean average of 1.15.12. With the average, we can calculate the resistance In the circuit. To do this, we must multiply each average voltage by 2, this is because when using the equation for resistance we will get R = V/0.5 which is the equivalent to the average voltage multiplied by 2. Continue to do this for each length until you have done all 8 sets of data.Pre-TestsChange Gauge (SWG) of WireLength of Wire (cm)Cross Sectional Area (SWG)Current (A)Voltage (V)Average (V)Test 1Test 2Test 325160.501.911.911.921.91100160.507.747.767.777.7625200.500.070.070.070.07100200.500.170.170.170.1725260.500.130.140.130.13100260.500.420.420.420.4225360.5011.021.021.02100360.503.693.763.733.73From viewing these results we can interpret the temperatures created when the current of 0.5Amps has been placed through the circuit. For example, when viewing the data for the 16SWG wire we can see that the voltage at 100cm is 7.76V, this high voltage could be due to the low cross sectional area of the wire and because of this the temperature would be much higher in comparison to that of the 26SWG wire which has a voltage of 0.42V at a length of 100cm. Due to the increase in temperature present in the wire the data cannot be counted as reliable as the heat of the wire affects the resistance and therefore, the voltage read by thee voltmeter (for further explanation on resistance and the cross-sectional area of a wire see the Background section).Also, going up a gauge of wire, at 20SWG does not provide reliable results in my opinion. This can be seen with the results at 25cm which has an average voltage of 0.07V and the other at 100cm which has an average voltage of 0.17V. The reading at 100cm was expected to be approximately 0.28V and as you can 0.17V is over 0.1V under the predicted result. This could have occurred for multiple reasons. For example, the wire may not have been straight and due to this the resistance may have been affected thus, resulting in the lower piece of data collected.Finally, from the data gathered and the selection of resources used in this pre-test I can come to the conclusion that carrying out my final exper iment in this manner would not be the best way to collect reproducible data, this is due to multiple reasons; one, there are simply not enough different pieces of wire with varying cross-sectional areas to carry out the experiment to satisfactory standard and two, the increments used are not very good for plotting a graph or conveying accurate results, the increments used in this pre-test were a follows 4, 6, 10. This is not an even increase and would give me less confidence in my results when it came to plotting them on a graph.

9 Words with More Than One Spelling in British English

9 Words with More Than One Spelling in British English 9 Words with More Than One Spelling in British English The United States was founded to escape the tyranny of the King of England. It is appropriate, then, that American English has also escaped the tyranny of British English. In particular, we should be grateful that most words only have one spelling in American English. In British English, by comparison, many words have more than one spelling depending on how they’re used. And this makes it easy to make mistakes! So to make sure your writing is always error free, check out this list of nine words with more than one spelling in British English. 1. Practice vs. Practise In American English, â€Å"practice† is both a noun and a verb. For example: Noun (US): The doctor is at her practice. Verb (US): The doctor is practicing medicine. But this term has more than one spelling in British English, where the verb form is â€Å"practise†: Noun (UK):  The doctor is at her practice. Adjective (UK): The doctor is practising medicine. So if you’re writing for a British audience, make sure to use an â€Å"s† in this word when it’s a verb and a second â€Å"c† only when it is a noun. 2. Curb vs. Kerb The word â€Å"curb† has two meanings in American English. One is â€Å"restrain something.†Ã‚   This sense of â€Å"curb† is the same in British English: American English: We need to curb food waste. British English: We need to curb food waste. But we also use â€Å"curb† to refer to the raised edge of a sidewalk. And in British English, this word is spelled â€Å"kerb† instead. So make sure to use â€Å"kerb† with a â€Å"k† if you are writing for Brits: American English: I tripped on the curb while crossing the road. British English: I tripped on the kerb while crossing the road. 3. Dependent vs. Dependant In American English, â€Å"dependent† is both a noun and an adjective. The noun form of this word means â€Å"a person that depends on someone else† (e.g., children). As an adjective, â€Å"dependent† has a more general meaning of â€Å"reliant on† and applies to more than just people. For example: Noun (US): He is a single man with no dependents. Adjective (US): Their performance is dependent on their star player. But in British English, the noun form of this word is spelled â€Å"dependant†: Noun (UK): He is a single man with no dependants. Adjective (UK): Their performance is dependent on their star player. 4. License vs. Licence â€Å"License† is both a noun (i.e., a permit) and a verb (i.e., the act of licensing something) in American English. As such, we always know to spell this word with an â€Å"s† regardless of the context: Noun (US): Do you have a valid driver’s license? Verb (US): We are licensed to operate in this state. However, as with â€Å"practice† and â€Å"practise,† British English uses a different spelling in each case: Noun (UK): Do you have a valid driver’s licence? Verb (UK): We are licensed to operate in this state. It is worth noting here that the Brits use a â€Å"c† spelling for the noun with both â€Å"practice† and â€Å"licence.† And likewise, the verb forms are both spelled with an â€Å"s† in British English. This makes it easier to remember the correct spellings of these words when writing for a British audience. 5. Draft vs. Draught In British English, the words â€Å"draught† and â€Å"draft† sound exactly the same. However, each term has its own uses. The word â€Å"draught† for example, can mean any of the following: A current of cool air (e.g., Can you feel a draught in here?) An animal that pulls a heavy load (e.g., Horses are draught animals) Beer or cider served from a barrel or tank (e.g., A pint of draught ale) The word â€Å"draft,† meanwhile, primarily refers to: A rough version of something (e.g., A draft copy of my novel) An order to pay money (e.g., A banker’s draft) Military conscription (e.g., To be drafted into the army) But we use â€Å"draft† for all six senses in American English, which is easier to remember! And to add to the confusion, Brits also call the boardgame checkers â€Å"draughts.† 6. Tire vs. Tyre All English speakers use â€Å"tire† as a verb meaning â€Å"grow weary.† For example: I tire of British spellings very quickly. But while we also use â€Å"tire† to mean â€Å"rubber wheel covering,† British people spell this word â€Å"tyre.† For instance: American English: I keep a spare tire in my car at all times. British English: I keep a spare tyre in my car at all times. Look out for this spelling when using the term in British English. 7. Meter vs. Metre One common difference between British and American English is the use of â€Å"-er† and â€Å"-re† word endings. The â€Å"-er† ending is standard in American English (e.g., center or theater), while British English tends to use the older â€Å"-re† version (e.g., centre or theatre). We also see this with metric measurements, including words like â€Å"meter† and â€Å"centimeter,† which are spelled with the â€Å"-re† ending in British English: American English: A meter is roughly 1.094 yards. British English: A metre is roughly 1.094 yards. The same applies when discussing the concept from music or poetry: American English: The poem changes its meter half way through. British English: The poem changes its metre half way through. But it does not apply when discussing a device for measuring something (e.g., a thermometer or barometer). In this case, British English uses the same spelling of â€Å"meter† as American English. 8. Program vs. Programme In American English, the spelling â€Å"program† is used for the following: Software for a computer (e.g., A new spellchecking program for PC) A series of events or activities (e.g., A training program) A television or radio broadcast (e.g., A TV program) The information given out at a performance (e.g., A program for a play) But British English only uses â€Å"program† for the first definition above. In all non-computing contexts, the British spelling is â€Å"programme† instead. 9. Check vs. Cheque Finally, in American and British English, â€Å"check† is common a verb. Usually, it means â€Å"examine,† such as in the following: I checked the timetable and we need to leave. This term has other meanings, too, and in almost every case it is spelled â€Å"check.† But there is one exception. While we use â€Å"check† as a noun to mean â€Å"an order to pay an amount of money from a bank account,† the British spell this version of the word â€Å"cheque†: American English: Do you accept payment by check? British English: Do you accept payment by cheque? Luckily, though, the spelling of â€Å"credit card† is the same in all forms of English.

Homeless English Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homeless English - Assignment Example I based this research on homelessness on a total period of two months and the strategy chosen by me was to interview as many of the homeless people in the local park as possible in the evening time, when the park is really full of public. In an order to draw results by doing interviews, I first made myself familiar with the local homeless people. This study was based on a qualitative and observational approach, while the interview questions to be asked from the homeless participants of my study were very personal and meant to gain information about the nature of difficulties and the level of illegal activities occurring as a result of homelessness. Almost all the poor and homeless people are often found in very old apartment buildings and living with other people while not being considered as their family members. A portion of these homeless people can also be found living on the street and footpaths during the night while hanging around uselessly in the local park for spending the d ay, thus very forced on going along with the bad and bitter life. This small portion of homeless people also faces the threat of eviction continuously by the host family members with which they are forced to live and share living and as a result of which they are often found wandering in the local park in a great number. The looks of hunger, helplessness, and greed which these homeless people spare the financially stable and well-off passing by people in the hope that some of them might give them the opportunity to spend their lives in a better and decent manner simply creates a very sad and tragic atmosphere at some special spots in the park. Such particular spots are especially found full of these homeless people where some of them may even go out of control for bringing a change in their lives, like annoying the well-off park goers and irritating them very much. This observation both goes in favor and against of the highly accepted idea that majority of the homeless people think very little about bringing a good change in their lives and doing something for earning a decent living. This is because the homeless people I observed in the park liked to find a good and decent opportunity for earning a living, though some of them were also found to be very annoying and disturbing due to the amount of trouble they created for the financially stable park visitors. It is also a big reality that I found the risk of theft and crime to be fairly average in this local park, though those criminal incidents that did occur and involved theft were more often than not justly connected to these homeless people by the police forces. One very important finding by the ethnographic research made on homelessness and observing the nature of issues faced by each homeless person I interviewed during the two month period is that the health issues faced by such people often go unreported and unresolved. The risk of substance abuse is also very high among these people, which leads to ot her criminal activities like burglary, rape, and murders. The facts told by the homeless peop

Global marketing management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global marketing management - Assignment Example Brand name of M&S is considered as a status symbol. In the past years results show that M&S has been one of the most successful companies in London stock exchange. The financial position of M&S is quite impressive and profitability figures are commendable. M&S holds a spectacular position in consumer market and is the ultimate choice of people (Karol, 1985) (Peter, 2011) states that Georgia is one of the most booming economies in Europe. The country showed a lot of promise in the economic sector as it moved from 112th to 18th position in the countries where business has minimal restrictions. Georgia has proved to be an ideal place for investment and thus World Bank depicted is as the supreme economic reformer of the world. Georgia has been historically famous for the business activities and currently they have done immense development in transportation sector so that business growth would be ensured. Every company requires some strong marketing proofs and financial proclamation to enter into a new geographical boundary. Hence to support M&S entrance into Georgia, different marketing tools and techniques will be applied to support the arguments. In this regard PEST Analysis, SWOT analysis, Porters five forces and Competitor Analysis will be applied. These models, tools and techniques will depict that whether M&S should enter into Georgia or not. PEST analysis is the primary marketing tool which illustrates various segments of a region and becomes an essential tool in the decision making of a business. PEST is an abbreviation of political factors, economic factors, socio-cultural factors and technological factors. Following are the deductions from PEST analysis. (Tbilisi, 2012) points out that the political situation of Georgia is very stable and encouraging. It’s a democratic state and laws have been made which guarantee the safety of foreign direct investment. The elections of October 2012 brought previous opposition to form new government

What did the ancient Hebrews(ancestors of modern Jewish people)believe Essay

What did the ancient Hebrews(ancestors of modern Jewish people)believe at the end the Babylonian Captivity, or around 500 BCE - Essay Example In this outline, we look at three major prongs the nature of God, Yahweh, the core value of the faith (Torah) and the organization of the faith at around 500 BC. As Hansen and Kenneth (53) note, in the ancient Hebrew, God was a supreme being. He posed a lot more than just one personality. To the Jewish tradition, God was and still is a lawgiver, a judge, a liberator, a creator and many more titles all of whom manifested depending on the specific situation or a specific point in time. To them Gods way of doing, things were marvellous in their own way. This definition almost cuts across to the view of the Christians, however in this case, the concept of Yahweh changed depending on a specific point in time. This is why the concept of God at around 500 BC saw him as a supreme being. The tradition recognised there might have been the existence of other gods. In the traditional context God was seen as limitless however as Jacobs Louis notes, there were three prongs all of which focused on giving the nature of God from different perspectives. These are the Maimonides, who did note that God had prior knowledge while man was seen as free; secondly Gersonides, noted that man is free, while god does not have the sole knowledge and lastly, Hasdai Crescas, noted that god has the sole knowledge of every knowledge. Although there may have been people who may have believed in the existence of God, There are times when these views obscure the true nature of God hence the rise of various groups all with their view about God. Examples of such groups were the atheist (Hansen and Kenneth 54). The study of Torah guided the core values of faith in the Hebrew religion. The Jewish has applied the same torah in the current period, and it is the basis that creates a direct linkage to what was done in the olden times to the current period. It is considered imperative (mitzvah) in the Jewish tradition to learn and uphold the values of the law that guides both the faith and creates

Should Video Games be Considered a Sport?

Should Video Games be Considered a Sport? Video Games has become one of the most popular source of entertainment. Inspired by countless numbers of screaming supporters with lots of cash in prize on the line. Top competitors must hold up against hard training workouts, but also enjoy good income and business offers. We are not mentioning to basketball or football here, but the top-level world of professional activity enjoying. Many activities such as on-line poker, polo and golf have been asked as authentic activities. According to the world Olympic board, on-line poker, polo and golf all fall under the category of activities. But it seems that golf has been the only activity conducted at the Olympics of these three. That makes an odd point, if these activities are considered activity, why arent they offered as activity by the Olympic board. Activision, one of the top activity enjoying companies known for titles such as The Amazing Spiderman, Transformer, and Deadpool is now looking for to create an official ESPN division cal led Major Group Gaming(MGG) according to their venture. This has led to the debate on whether video games are a real activity and if Activisions attempt to create Major Group Gaming can provide an increase in income and recognition or a huge failure. In order to figure out whether an activity can become a sport needs a close look of the meaning. According to the vocabulary, a game is an action including movements and expertise in which an individual or team plays against another or others for enjoyment. Even though video games easily drop under a classification of skills being used and including one or more participants, it overlooks the movements part of the information. Unless you consider moving fingertips as movements, video games do not drop under this purpose of game. This is only one of many explanations for sport. There are many versions to the meaning that will play an important part in identifying if in fact activities is highly recommended sports on a nationwide field. Regardless of these activities being considered a sport or not, games companies will have difficulties shifting their competition into a satellite TV game route in order for the game to become worldwide. Although, some activities have been subject of international finalization and challenge around the entire globe in the past 10 years. For example, League of Legends, one of the popular game played on the globe granted $1 million to their last years champ in the competition. Such activities being regarded as sport seems difficult to believe but extensive reputation of the category may change the publics understanding, especially with Activisions production of Major Group Game. For MGG to become a nationwide feeling, Activision is going to have to achieve viewers other than the range of younger gamers who have come up with preliminary market for expert gamers. The fact that only adolescents have interest in viewing or taking part in expert gaming but as they get older and as the expert gaming field produces, it is completely possible for expert gaming to stick the unique aging viewers as well as the future genesis. By consequence, there may be a pretty firm base for expert gaming to have a world of sports. Not only adolescents would have fun with the competitors, also mature as well. If money is engaged, the viewers will be more drawn to the competitors. Technology affect our lives a lot. It has increased rapidly in the field of our basic lives activities. Simulation play an important role in this subject matter. As of today, Sony-one of the biggest company to produce consoles and other devices, developed a device for video game called Virtual Reality(VR). What the VR does is allowing the user to play a video game with the feeling that he is in the video games. Basically, your movement in real life is connected to your character or image in the game. This is just one way of saying that video is not just sitting at on a couch with a bag of food. It also involves physic movement which relate to the real-life sport and exercise. Factors Affecting Reaction Rates: Experiment Factors Affecting Reaction Rates: Experiment Maria Angela R. Dulin and Felix P. Terencio Jr. ABSTRACT An area in chemistry that focuses on the speed or rate at which a chemical reaction takes place is chemical kinetics. In drug making, in pollution control and in food processing, knowledge about the rate of reaction is useful (Chang, 2010). Since chemical kinetics has a widespread application in our daily lives, it is just right to take a deeper look into this field. Moreover, the determination of factors affecting reaction rates is essential in this study. Thus, the focus of this experiment was to determine the effects of some of these factors on reaction rates. This was done by having a specific variable altered in two or more setups in each part of the experiment like the nature of the reactants, concentration, temperature, surface area and the presence of a catalyst. Conclusions were drawn based on the results obtained from the experiment. It was shown that an increase in temperature, surface area and concentration leads to an increase of the reaction rate, also the more reactive the reactants in nature the faster the reaction rate. Lastly, the addition of catalyst resulted to an increase in reaction rate. INTRODUCTION Kinetics oftenly suggests a definition that pertains to movement and change or, in terms of energy, the energy that is harnessed through an object’s motion. Chemical kinetics, however, refers to the branch of chemistry that deals with the speeds at which a chemical reaction occurs. Kinetics also refers to the rate of a reaction, or the reaction rate, which can be defined as the change in the concentration of a reactant or product with respect to time (Chang, 2010). Due to the fact that the actual manner in which a reaction occurs is not yet fully understood, the following reaction rate theories are commonly used to explain how reactions happen: the Collision Theory and the Transition State Theory. According to the Collision Theory, all reactions happen as the result of collisions of the reacting molecules. However, not all collisions are successful in producing a reaction. For a collision between molecules to be productive, they must possess the minimum amount of energy required which is the activation energy (Ea) and the proper orientation. On the other hand, it is stated by the Transition State Theory that an intermediate complex or transition state complex, that cannot be isolated, is produced prior to the formation of the final product (Engle Ilao, 2007). In addition to these reaction rate theories, it is also vital to the total comprehension of the behavior of reaction rates to understand how certain factors can affect them. Through the m anipulation of the nature and concentration of reactants, temperature, presence of a catalyst, and surface area, we are able to examine and observe how these factors can alter or change the rate of the chemical reaction. The experiment aims to determine the effects of those stated factors on the rates of chemical reactions. The determination of the rate law expression using the method of initial rates is also an objective of the experiment. Lastly, the value of the activation energy of a reaction should also be evaluated through accomplishing the experiment. METHODOLOGY All the necessary apparatus and reagents were gathered and prepared prior to the conduction of the experiment. The effects of the factors affecting reaction rates were observed in five separate parts of the procedure. The first factor to be tested was the nature of the reactants. Two test tubes were labelled as A and B. Each test tube contained 3 ml of water (H2O). In test tube A, a strip of magnesium ribbon (Mg) was added while in test tube B, a small piece of sodium metal (Na) was added. Observations were then recorded. The second factor that had been tested was the concentration of reactants. Two setups were prepared, hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration was held constant while sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) concentration was variable for the first part. In contrast, HCl concentration was the variable while Na2S2O3 concentration was kept constant in the second setup. An empty 10-ml beaker was placed on a piece of white paper marked with an â€Å"X.† Then, a specific volume of 0.15 M Na2S2O3 was then placed inside the beaker. The researchers were tasked to check if the mark was still visible through the solution. Thereafter, a corresponding volume of H2O and 3 M HCl was added immediately. The time from the moment the HCl was added to the moment the mark was no longer visible had been recorded. The stated process was done ten times with varying volumes of reagents. 0.15 M Na2S2O3 (ml) H2O (ml) 3 M HCl (ml) I. Constant HCl Concentration 5 0 1 4 1 1 3 2 1 2 3 1 1 4 1 II. Constant Na2S2O3 Concentration 5 0 2.5 5 0.5 2.0 5 1.0 1.5 5 1.5 1.0 5 2.0 0.5 The third factor that was put into the test was temperature. Two test tubes were prepared, one with 5 ml of 0.15 M Na2S2O3 while the other contained 7.5 ml of H2O and 2 ml of 3 M HCl. Both test tubes were immersed in a water bath containing tap water for 5 minutes. Both solutions were mixed in a 50 ml beaker placed on top of a piece of white paper marked with X. The time from the moment the solutions were placed in the beaker to the moment the mark was no longer visible had been recorded. This process was repeated at two other temperatures: one approximately 10 ºC lower than room temperature and the other approximately 10 ºC greater. To test the surface area for the fourth part, two identical strips of Mg ribbon were needed, one was cut into smaller pieces and the other remained uncut. The uncut Mg ribbon and the shredded Mg ribbon were placed in separate test tubes. Then, 5 ml of 3 M HCl was added to both test tubes. Observations were then noted. The last factor, the presence of a catalyst was also tested by preparing two test tubes. In each of the two test tubes, 5 ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was placed with about 1 g of Rochelle salt or sodium potassium tartrate. One test tube was then heated gently while a pinch of cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) was added to the other test tube before it was heated gently. Observations had been recorded. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results from the first part of the experiment, where the nature of reactants was the factor to be tested, is shown by Table 1. The reaction profile of both reactions are presented by Figure 1. Table 1. Observations on the Nature of Reactants Reactants Visible Results A Mg ribbon Formation of small bubbles on the surface of the Mg ribbon; Very slow reaction compared to test tube B B Na metal Evolution of gas; Solution turned murky white with bubbles; Formation of heat; Fast reaction compared to test tube A It is evident from the results of the experiment that the reaction of Na metal with water has a lower activation energy compared to that of Mg ribbon. It is proven by how the reaction of Na metal was the faster and more reactive reaction, which can only mean that it has an activation energy low enough to be easily achieved or reached. This is because of Na having a more reactive nature, with an ionization energy of 496 kJ/mol, compared to that of Mg, which has a higher ionization energy of 737 kJ/mol, given that the lower the ionization energy required, the easier it is to remove electrons, making it much easier for the element to react (Larsen, â€Å"Ionization Energy†). Figure 1. Reaction profiles of the Reaction with Mg and Na How the concentration of the reactants affects the rate of reaction is shown by Tables 2.1 and 2.2. The slopes of the reaction rates with respect to the concentrations of the reactants of the setups can be found on Figures 2.1 and 2.2. Table 2.1. Constant HCl Concentration [Na2S2O3] [HCl] ln [Na2S2O3] Time (s) Rate (1/s) ln Rate 0.15 M 0.5 M -1.897 12 0.083 -2.485 0.12 M 0.5 M -2.12 17 0.059 -2.833 0.09 M 0.5 M -2.408 27 0.037 -3.296 0.06 M 0.5 M -2.813 42 0.024 -3.738 0.03 M 0.5 M -3.507 100 0.01 -4.605 Computations for the concentrations of HCl and Na2S2O3 are as follows: [HCl] = = 0.5 M [Na2S2O3]1 = = 0.15 M [Na2S2O3]2 = = 0.12 M [Na2S2O3]3 = = 0.09 M [Na2S2O3]4 = = 0.06 M [Na2S2O3]5 = = 0.03 M Through linear regression: r = 0.998 mNa2S2O3 = 1.298 y-intercept = -0.083 Where, y = ln Rate, x = ln [Na2S2O3] mNa2S2O3 = the order of the reaction with respect to Na2S2O3 y-intercept = ln k + mHCl Ãâ€" ln [HCl] Based on the gathered data from the experiment, the reaction is in first order with respect to Na2S2O3. Figure 2.1. ln Rate vs. ln [Na2S2O3] Table 2.2. Constant Na2S2O3 Concentration [Na2S2O3] [HCl] ln [HCl] Time (s) Rate (1/Time) ln Rate 0.1 M 3 M 1.099 5 0.2 -1.609 0.1 M 2.4 M 0.875 14 0.071 -2.639 0.1 M 1.8 M 0.588 14 0.071 -2.639 0.1 M 1.2 M 0.182 17 0.059 -2.833 0.1 M 0.6 M -0.511 20 0.05 -2.996 Computations for the concentrations of HCl and Na2S2O3 are as follows: [Na2S2O3] = = 0.1 M [HCl]1 = = 3.0 M [HCl]2 = = 2.4 M [HCl]3 = = 1.8 M [HCl]4 = = 1.2 M [HCl]5 = = 0.6 M Through linear regression: r = 0.771 mHCl = 0.659 y-intercept = -2.838 Where, y = ln Rate, x = ln [HCl] mHCl = the order of the reaction with respect to HCl y-intercept = ln k + mNa2S2O3 Ãâ€" ln [Na2S2O3] Based on the gathered data from the experiment, the given reaction is in zeroth order with respect to HCl. Figure 2.2. ln Rate vs. ln [HCl] With a first overall reaction order, the rate law expression of the given reaction is: Rate = k [Na2S2O3]1 [HCl]0 = k [Na2S2O3] Moreover, the specific rate constant is: Based on the data gathered with a constant [HCl] y-intercept = ln k + mHCl Ãâ€" ln [HCl] -0.083 = ln k + 0.659 (-0.693) ln k = 0.374 k = 1.453 s-1 Based on the data gathered with a constant [Na2S2O3] y-intercept = ln k + mNa2S2O3 Ãâ€" ln [Na2S2O3] -2.838 = ln k + 1.298 (-2.303) ln k = 0.151 k = 1.163 s-1 As seen in the rate law stated earlier, each reactant has an order which relates to how their concentration affect the rate of the reaction. That is, an increase in the concentration of the reacting particles also increases the reaction rate. As stated in the Collision Theory, all reactions happen as a result of collisions of the molecules of the reactants (Engle Ilao, 2007). It only makes sense that an increase in concentration of reactants means that the number of collisions among reacting particles would also increase. This could only prove that the rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the number of collisions. The effects of temperature to the rate of a reaction is shown by Table 3. The slope of the specific rate constant with respect to the temperature can be seen on Figure 3. Table 3. Temperature as a Factor Affecting Reaction Rates Temperature (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™) 1/Temperature (1/K) Time Rate (1/s) k (s-1) ln k 23.3 3.373 x 10-3 50 s 0.02 0.385 -0.955 31.5 3.282 x 10-3 34 s 0.029 0.558 -0.583 52.5 3.071 x 10-3 21 s 0.048 0.916 -0.088 Calculations for the concentrations of HCl and Na2S2O3, and the specific rate constant are as follows: [Na2S2O3] = = 0.052 M [HCl]i = = 0.041 M Rate = k [Na2S2O3] k = ki = = 0.385 s-1 k2 = = 0.558 s-1 k3 = = 0.923 s-1 Through linear regression: r = -0.99 ml = -2,778.572 y-intercept = 8.466 Where, y = ln k, x = 1/Temperature m = y-intercept = ln A Hence, m = Ea = -mR Ea = -(-2,778.572 K)(8.314 J/K mol)(1 kJ/1000 J) Ea = 23.101 y-intercept = ln A 8.466 = ln A A = 4,751.091 s-1 Figure 3. ln k vs. 1/Temperature It is proven by the results that the setup with the greatest temperature had the fastest reaction compared to the other two with lower temperatures. The relationship between temperature and the rate of a reaction can be explained by the Arrhenius equation: k = Ae-Ea/RT The Arrhenius equation exhibits the relationship of temperature to the specific rate constant of a reaction. That is, as T increases, the negative exponent decreases making the value of k larger, leading to an increase to the reaction rate. This is because of the presence high energy particles at higher temperatures. The greater fraction of excited particles, the easier it is to satisfy the energy of activation, which is a requirement for the reaction to take place (â€Å"The Arrhenius Equation†). Varying the amount of surface area of the reactant resulted into the visible observations that is shown by Table 4. A greater surface area means that there are more of the reactants’ surface exposed to one another. Simply put, there are more areas to react on. There is a greater chance for the reacting molecules to collide and interact. A smaller surface area, however, provides less area for reaction to occur. Some reacting molecules are shielded by other reacting molecules, making it harder to produce a reaction, resulting into a lower rate. Table 4. Observations on Surface Area of the Reactant Reactants Visible Results Strips of Mg ribbon Dissolution was relatively slower (reaction occurred in 26 seconds); Heat was formed; Evolution of gas was present Pieces of Mg ribbon Dissolution was fast (reaction occurred in 12.62 seconds); Heat was formed; Evolution of gas was also present The presence of a catalyst in the reaction resulted into the visible observations that is shown by Table 5. Catalysts are substances that alter the rate of reactions. A catalyst may speed up (a positive catalyst) or slow down (a negative catalyst) the reaction rate. In the given reaction in the experiment, CoCl2 acted as a positive homogeneous catalyst, which made the reaction rate occur faster and follow a different reaction mechanism with lower activation energies. Table 5. Observations upon Addition of a Catalyst Reactants Visible Results H2O2 + Rochelle Salt Colorless to murky; Relatively slow reaction (occurred in 30 seconds) H2O2 + Rochelle Salt + CoCl2 Purple to green, then turned pink again; Fast reaction (occurred in 23 seconds) In conclusion, many factors can affect the rate of a chemical reaction. The nature of the reactants affect the reaction rate based on the different activation energies of substances. The concentration of the reactants can also influence the frequency of collisions between the reacting molecules, which may affect the rate of reactions. Temperature not only affects the frequency of reactant collisions, but also affects the energy those collisions possess. The surface area of reactions influence the amount of available or exposed sites to react on. Lastly, the presence and nature of a catalyst not only alters the activation energy of the reaction, but also alters the mechanism in which the reactants react. REFERENCES Chang, R. (2010). Chemistry (10th ed.). New york, NY: McGraw-Hill. Engle, H. L., Ilao, L. V. (2015). Learning modules in general chemistry 2 (2007 ed). Manila, Philippines: Chemistry Unit, Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila. Larsen, D. (Ed.). (n.d.). Ionization Energy. Retrieved June 22, 2015, from http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/Atomic_and_Molecular_Properties/Ionization_Energy The Arrhenius Equation. (1996). Retrieved June 22, 2015, from http://www.shodor.org/unchem/advanced/kin/arrhenius.html University of the Philippines Manila, Chemistry unit. (2015). Laboratory manual in general chemistry 2 (2007 ed.). Manila, Philippines: Author. CHEM 18.1, Factors Affecting Reaction Rates 1

The Role of Female African American Sculptors in the Harlem Renaissance

The Role of Female African American Sculptors in the Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance, a time of global appreciation for the black culture, was a door opening for African American women. Until then, African Americans, let alone African American women, were neither respected nor recognized in the artistic world. During this time of this New Negro Movement, women sculptors were able to connect their heritages with the present issues in America. There is an abundance of culture and history to be learned from these sculptures because the artists creatively intertwine both. Meta Warrick Fuller and Edmonia Lewis, two of the most popular sculptors of this time, were able to reflect their native heritages and the dynamics of society through their artwork. Meta Warrick Fuller and Edmonia Lewis were two of the most renowned women sculptors during this time. Fuller and Lewis’ pieces showed how they connected with the social happenings of the time as well as portraying their African roots. Often their subjects were chosen to serve as a political mission or statement as to their feelings of societal issues. Often their subjects were chosen to serve as a political mission or statement as to their feelings of societal issues. Their sculptures support the idea that these women were products of living within a contact zone. As artists began to gain recognition in the artistic world, they continually represented what it meant to be black in America. Personalities and individualism were displayed through their work while simultaneously portraying the political, social, and economic conditions of being black. This idea runs parallel with Mary Louise Pratt’s (1990) definition of a contact zone. She defines it as a "term to refer... ...central rather than peripheral in the forging of a more liberating and intelligent visual culture in the United States" (p. 37). Works Cited Jackson, P. (1992). (in)Forming the Visual: (re)Presenting Women of African Descent. International Review of African American Art. 14 (3), 31-7. Kleeblatt, N. (1998). Master Narratives/Minority Artists. Art Journal, 57 (3), 29. Powell, R. (1998). Art of the Harlem Renaissance. American Art Review, 10 (2), 132-137. Pratt, M. (1990). Arts of the Contact Zone. Richardson, M. (1995). Edmonia Lewis’ The Death of Cleopatra Myth and Identity. African American Art. 12(2), 36-52 Savannah, G. (1998). African American Women Sculptors. American Art Review, 10, 162-5. Scwartz, B. (1997). African-Americans in the Visual Arts: A Historical Perspective. http://www.cwpost.linet.edu/cwis/library/aavaahp.htm

Fall of Labor Unions

What do you think of when you hear the phrase â€Å"labor unions?† Most people associate a negative connotation with labor unions. They think that labor unions are the only cause of strikes and work stoppages. Most think that people in unions are greedy and will do anything to get more money. Others swear by their unions, saying that their employers would take advantage of them if they didn†t organize their unions. However as we prepare to enter the new millennium, labor unions are decreasing in size. Let†s look at some of reasons. First, the numbers are unmistakable. At the end of 1997, when the most recent count was made, only 14.1% of workers belonged to unions, the lowest percentage since 1936 (Gross 23). This is a dramatic decrease from when unions were at their height at the end of World War II when 35.3% of Americans were in unions (Galenson 13). One cause of this fall of union membership is the decline of manufacturing in America and the transfer of much manufacturing work over seas (Gross 24). Because of advances in technology and labor saving innovations, fewer people are required to make steel and assembler automobiles. As a result, only 16.1% of U.S. workers now work in factories, down from 22.8% twenty years ago (Aronwitz 2). There has also been a decrease in size of the large corporations, which in the past usually signed industry-wide contracts to produce a particular item. The latest figures show that the 800 largest firms employed 17% of the total workforce, down from 25.7% twenty years ago (Aronwitz 3). Many of these companies have their work done abroad. Nike does not make a single shoe in the United States and many insurance companies are having paperwork processed over seas (Hacker 45). At home corporate jobs are frequently assigned to temporary workers, who are often classified as â€Å"independent contractors† and are not very likely to join unions. Indeed, there are fewer long-term jobs, something union seniority could once guarantee. Last year, among men aged forty to forty-five, only 39.1% had worked ten or more years at their current job, compared with 51.1 percent in 1983 (Galenson 27). So, one might ask, what caused this to happen? At some point in the 1980s, the balance of power shifted against labor unions. Some say the defining moment was in 1981, when then-U.S. president Ronald Reagan forced an end to the bitter air traffic controllers' strike. Others point to the 1985 victory of then-British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher over striking coal miners (Gross 239). Whatever the reason, unions are trying to make a comeback. There are several strategies that unions have devised to return to their former glory. Unions have adopted a more lenient attitude towards management, reducing the number of strikes to record lows in the 1980s and early 90s, and attempting to negotiate contracts providing job security for members (Gross 278). Unions have also placed greater emphasis on organizing drives for new members. Although unions have been very successful in organizing government employees, they have been less successful with recruiting office workers in the rapidly expanding services sector. However, during the last two decades, the wage advantage for unionized workers with private jobs has fallen by 44.1 percent, although the public sector has increased by 9.5 percent (Maguire 20). Currently, 41.9% of union members are from the public sector. Among the most strongly unionized occupations are firefighters (71.6%), flight attendants (69.4%), and high school teachers (56.1%). Only 28.6 percent of coal miners belong to unions and only 19.5% of truck drivers (Hacker 47). Despite all of the downsides of unions they do have their benefits. Here are a few examples of salaries secured through collective bargaining by highly trained professionals: Pilots with only fifteen years of service at Northwest, American, United, and US Airways now earn on average over $175,000 a year. Professors at New York City University can now get as much as $101,655 for twenty-eight weeks of teaching. Under the current National Basketball Association contract, first year players-some of them right out of high school-will start at $300,000 (Hacker 48). The recent NBA lockout has shaped many peoples† opinions on labor unions. Most people, myself included, thought that it was ridiculous for these people to be having a labor dispute. The players are already making an insane amount of money and the owners are millionaires themselves looking to add to their pocketbooks also. The real losers in this battle are the fans who love the game. They cannot see their favorite players in action because of this dispute. This just goes to show you that labor markets affect us in our everyday lives. Another way labor unions can affect our lives is when they decide to strike. This can effect hundreds, even thousands of workers in the General Motors strike in 1998. In the case with the automobile industry, many factories are involved in the production of their cars. If even one of these factories strikes then the other factories must also shut down. This chain reaction can render thousands of workers jobless in just a few weeks. The union members know that there is always a potential risk of striking as accept as part of their job. What role will unions play in the future? Will they ever return to former glory? Nobody knows for sure. Economists have mixed feeling on this matter. Some say that the workers of the twenty-first century will demand a return to the unions and organize in record numbers. Others say that the current trend will prevail and almost wipeout unions completely until there are only a handful of them remaining. My opinion is that unions will stick around for as long as people are working. They will be there to protect the rights of the individual worker and make sure that he or she is treated fairly.

POLK Surname Meaning and Origin

POLK Surname Meaning and Origin The Polk surname most commonly originated as an abbreviated form of the Scots surname Pollack, Gaelic Pollag, meaning from the little pool, pit or pond. The name derives from the Gaelic word poll, meaning pool. Surname Origin: Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings: POLLACK, POLLOCK, POLLOK, PULK, POCK Where the Polk Surname Is Found The Polk surname is by far the most common in the United States, according to  WorldNames PublicProfiler, especially in the state of Mississippi. Polk is generally common throughout the southern U.S., including also the states of Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina and the District of Columbia. Outside of the United States, the Polk last name is found most frequently in Canada, Germany (especially Baden Wà ¼rttemberg, Hessen, Sachsen, and Mecklenburg-Vorpommen),  and Poland. Surname distribution data from Forebears  agrees that the Polk surname is found primarily in the United States, but it is actually found in the highest density based on the percentage of the population in Slovakia, where the surname ranks as the 346th most common surname in the nation. It is also somewhat common in Poland, Germany, and the Philippines. Within the United Kingdom, where the name generally originated, it is was most prevalent in Surrey, Devon, and Lancashire during the period 1881–1901. The Polk surname did not make an appearance in 1881 Scotland, however, the original Scottish version Pollack was most common in Lanarkshire, followed by Stirlingshire and Berwickshire. Famous People with the Last Name Polk James K. Polk  - eleventh president of the United StatesBenjamin Polk  - American architect and designerEzekiel Polk  -  American surveyor, soldier, and pioneer; grandfather of President James K. PolkCharles Polk Jr. - American farmer and politician; member of the Federalist Party, followed by the Whig Party Genealogy Resources for the Surname Polk Polk-Pollock DNA Project: Learn more about the history and origins of the Polk surname by joining this Polk Y-DNA surname project. Group members are working to combine DNA testing with traditional genealogy research to learn more about shared Polk ancestors.President James K. Polk Home Museum: About the Polks: Learn about the upbringing and ancestral home of U.S. President James K. Polk, along with the history of his wife Sarah.How to Trace Your Family Tree in England and Wales: Learn how to navigate through the wealth of records available for researching family history in England and Wales with this introductory guide.Presidential Surname Meanings and Origins: Do the surnames of U.S. presidents really have more prestige than your average Smith and Jones? While the proliferance of babies named Tyler, Madison, and Monroe may seem to point in that direction, presidential surnames are really just a cross-section of the American melting pot.  Polk Family Crest - Its Not What You Think : Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Polk family crest or coat of arms for the Polk surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. FamilySearch - POLK Genealogy: Explore over 440,000 historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Polk surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.Polk Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Polk surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Polk query.POLK Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts a free mailing list for researchers of the Polk surname. Post a query about your own Polk ancestors, or search or browse the mailing list archives.DistantCousin.com - POLK Genealogy Family History: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Polk.The Polk Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the popular last name Polk from the website of Genealogy Today. References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The eNotes Blog Have You Seen the Gone Girl TrailerYet

Have You Seen the Gone Girl TrailerYet Most readers would agree that adapted films are almost never as good as the books that inspire them. But with David Fincher casting his creepy spell over Gillian Flynns breakaway thriller, it looks like Gone Girl  might just defy the odds. Check it out below: The cast includes Ben Affleck as Nick Dunne, Rosamund Pike as his missing wife Amy, Tyler Perry as the lawyer Tanner Bolt, and Neil Patrick Harris as the waspy Desi Collings. The movie is directed by David Fincher, of The Social Network, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, and House of Cards fame. (Hes also directed some Nine Inch Nails music videos, and if thats not a pedigree for eerie film making, I dont know what is.) Fans of the book will recognize key points in the trailer that show how closely the movie will align with the novel: Amy and Nicks big fight before her disappearance, the mounting evidence discovered in their house, Nicks  disastrous press conference, the abandoned mall, the discovery in the basement aaahhh! Id better stop myself before I give it all away! Anyway, the studios thankfully left the screenplay in Gillian Flynns hands, so much of the integrity of the book should remain  the same. If youve read the book, what do you think of this first trailer? If you havent read the book, go do it NOW then come back and tell me what you think too. Youll thank me later. Look out for Gone Girl in theaters October 3rd, 2014!